During the first debate of the 2024 Republican presidential primary, Fox News moderators Martha MacCallum and Bret Baier used attention-grabbing statements and statistics to paint a vivid picture of the state of America.

The hosts touched on topics including extreme weather, gun violence and crime rates as they prompted eight presidential candidates to share their thoughts and policies on the debate stage. How accurate were the moderators’ portrayals of the country? We fact-checked some of their claims.

Fox News did not respond to our request for comment.

MacCallum: Since Roe v. Wade was overturned, “In six state referendums, all have upheld abortion rights in this country. And, even in red states, there are more swing state referendums that are coming up as we head into the elections.”

This is accurate.

Since the Supreme Court overturned the landmark Roe v. Wade in June 2022, voters in California, Vermont and Michigan approved ballot measures to protect abortion rights. And in Kentucky, Montana and Kansas, voters rejected anti-abortion referendums.

In August, Ohio voters rejected a proposal that would have made it harder to pass citizen-led ballot measures. Abortion rights advocates viewed the proposal’s defeat as a win, because they said Republicans had introduced the August referendum to make it harder to pass an upcoming ballot measure that could expand abortion rights.

Baier: “This weekend, here in Milwaukee, reports say there were 30 shootings. And a number of them including kids.”

This needs context. The number of reported shootings was half of what Baier cited, but he was close on the number of people killed or injured in shootings.

News reports said there were 15 separate shootings in Milwaukee during a reported surge in gun violence from Friday, Aug. 18, through Sunday, Aug. 20.

Milwaukee police reported that at least four people were killed and 24 people were injured in weekend shootings.

Some teenagers were among the shooting victims. One 17-year-old, Andrea Sanders, was killed. And in one of two mass shootings, nine people ages 16 to 42 were injured.

In a question directed to Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis, Baier said crime in Florida “has been on the rise.” When DeSantis disputed that, saying the state’s crime is at a 50-year-low, Baier said, “Not in Miami.”

The data on Florida crime is murky.

In March, we rated DeSantis’ 50-year low-crime claim accurate, based on data through 2021 and information that was available then. But subsequent reporting showed the data was incomplete.

Florida’s overall crime rate was trending downward before 2021. But the incomplete recent data makes it difficult to compare Florida’s current crime rate with years past, experts said.

The accuracy of Baier’s claim about Miami depends on the data considered. Experts said violent crime in Miami increased during the early parts of the COVID-19 pandemic — as was the case nationwide — but has since decreased, CBS News Miami reported.

We reached out to the Miami Police Department about its crime statistics and will update this when we get more information.

Data from Miami-Dade Police Department, which largely covers unincorporated Miami-Dade County, compared January through August 2022 with the same 2023 period. It showed that overall, crime has increased from 21,375 incidents in 2022 to 21,779 in 2023 — a 1.9% rise.

• In 2022, 48 homicides were reported compared with 49 in the same period of 2023, a 2.1% increase. Aggravated assaults increased by 4.2%. Robbery increased by 2.7% and larceny increased by 4.3%.
• Forcible sex offenses decreased by almost 11%, from 546 incidents in 2022 to 486 incidents in 2023. Burglaries decreased by 6.8% and motor vehicle thefts decreased by 4.7%.

​MacCallum: “A tropical storm hit California for the first time in 84 years. The ocean hit 101 degrees off the coast of Florida. And in the last month, the heat wave in the Southwest broke records nearly 50 years old.“

These climate-related statements are accurate.

Tropical storm Hilary was the first to hit Southern California since September 1939.

In July, a sensor near Everglades National Park in Florida recorded an ocean temperature of 101.1 degrees Fahrenheit. Experts say this hot-tub-level temperature could threaten coral and marine life.

And a heat wave in the Southwest that kept temperatures in Phoenix above 110 degrees for 31 consecutive days broke the previous record — 18 straight days with highs above that temperature — which was set in 1974.

MacCallum: “Almost 7 million migrants have crossed this border, our southern border, during the Biden administration.”

This is inaccurate; it overstates what the data shows and misleads about encounters at the border.

Biden was inaugurated Jan. 20, 2021. From February 2021 to July 2023, U.S. Customs and Border Protection data shows about 5.8 million encounters at the nation’s southern border.

Encounter data does not reflect the number of individual immigrants stopped. For example, if one person tries to cross the border three times and is stopped each time, that would be counted as three encounters.

During the Biden administration, immigrants stopped at the border were often immediately expelled under Title 42, a public health order that expired in May, or were apprehended under immigration law. From February 2021 to now, CBP data shows there were 2.45 million expulsions under Title 42, and immigration officials removed migrants at the border more than 530,000 times under immigration law.

PolitiFact Staff Writer Maria Ramirez Uribe contributed to this report.

This fact check was originally published by PolitiFact, which is part of the Poynter Institute. See the sources for this fact check here.